LONDON — Central banks could use cryptocurrencies to allow them to aggressively cut interest rates in the future, mitigating the impacts of any future financial crisis.
That’s according to a new report from Morgan Stanley, which dissects the possible central bank applications for digital currencies in future.
A Morgan Stanley team led by strategist Sheena Shah identified several areas of possible central bank use for crypto, but made clear that their research was “not intended to suggest where we think a digital fiat currency could be implemented or all the reasons why.”
Perhaps the most eye-catching potential application is in the area of monetary policy, where Morgan Stanley argues that digital currencies could allow central banks to take interest rates into deeper negative territory than ever before should they need to in the event of a major financial crisis.
During the last crisis, global central banks cut interest rates aggressively to protect consumers and lenders from the worst impacts of that crisis, with a handful of central banks in the likes of Sweden, Denmark, Japan, and the eurozone, plunging rates into negative territory. Negative rates remain in numerous states, although no central bank has cut rates below -0.5%.
Digital currencies could change that, Shah and her team suggest, saying that: “Theoretically, a monetary system that is 100% digital may enable deeper negative rates.”
“This appeals to certain central banks,” the team continues.
“Freely circulating paper notes and coins (cash) limits the ability of the central banks to force negative deposit rates. A digital version of cash could theoretically allow negative deposit rates to be charged on all money in circulation within any economy.”
Such an idea could be a major reassurance for central banks, with UBS Investment Bank arguing late in 2017 that when the next financial crisis hits, rates in major economies could be forced to drop as low as -5% to mitigate its impacts. Using traditional monetary policy tools to do so would be virtually impossible, but the advent of central bank digital currencies may provide an outlet for such a possibility.
Of course, as with any experimental idea, there are potential drawbacks, with Morgan Stanley saying that “deep and long-standing negative rates eventually are problematic for banks.”
“Central banks would then have to go direct to currency users to implement monetary policy, reducing leverage in the system significantly and cutting GDP growth.”
Central bank interest in the crypto space has increased significantly over the last 18 months or so, with the likes of the Bank of England setting up specifically focused task forces to examine the benefits of digital currencies. In Sweden, the Riksbank is considering the introduction of its own digital currency, the eKrona.
Some central bankers are more sceptical. Last year, for example, Jens Weidmann, the head of Germany’s Bundesbank warned that digital currencies like bitcoin have the potential to make financial crises in the future even more devastating.
Weidmann said he believes that central banks will eventually create their own digital currencies to reassure average citizens that such currencies are safe and stable, but in doing so could increase the risk of bank runs in future crises.
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